Got 3,000,000 gold/coin/credit (not sure how it been called) from voting (the best and fastest way to make money in AG). Then buy a Titan ship, fill it with Science Lab Mk I modules, don't forget to fill them with personal. Then you'll start getting research points. Keep voting for more money and get more (and better) Science Lab moduls. Work to be FTL Drive Mk 30, Wormhole Generator Mk 30, Advanced Cargo Bay Mk enough to have 10K cargo, Specialized Mining Facility Mk 1, Specialized Atmospheric Harvester Mk 1, Living Quarters Mk 20.

Now buy a level V ship (20 slots) and create these modules (you have everything needed on Earth):

1 FTL Drive Mk 30 (fill with personal)
1 Wormhole Generator Mk 30 (fill with personal)
1 Living Quarters Mk 20 (fill with personal)
Enough Advanced Cargo Bay to have at last 10K cargo space.
Few Adv Mining facility / Adv Atmospheric harvester / Specialized Mining Facility / Specialized Atmospheric Harvester modules.
At last 5K Fuel Cells.

Click on blind jump and make sure that you are in sectors 2 to 4 from Sol. Then just mine. End of game There's not too much to do after: you can visit the other Galaxy, get a better modules, more ships, but that's all in this game. Almost most of the time is mining and upgrading the Advanced Cargo Bays / Adv Mining facility / Adv Atmospheric harvester / Specialized Mining Facility / Specialized Atmospheric Harvester modules. In the other galaxy you can find Fuel Cells treasure of 5K to 9K and strange "modules" that you can sell in Earth for 1M each. You can also buy a level 1 ship (4 slots) + Scout ship optimization then buy 1 FTL Drive Mk 30 (fill with personal) + 1 Wormhole Generator Mk 30 (fill with personal) + 2x Advanced Cargo Bay modules (at last MK 100) and do SoS mission (these yellow circles). Use all the AP to convert them to QP because you need 1000 of them each year for VIP and officers. That's all the things to do in the game.

Fastest money making in order:

1. Voting.
2. SOS missions.

Is it a safe thing or only for the 20 top players in the game like COM missions? Do I need weapons or just wait 24 hours and pay 1M exp and put 75% modules?
I hope that it's just like crashed ship but I'm not sure. I don't want to lose anything.

Update:

Warning: it's a COM mission! but you can cancel in time, so no lose in anything except for the 1M exp.

. I love to fight the pirates. this is my 5th day in the game.

5 days in the game and you did COM?!? COM are only for the top 20 players with very powerful weapons and shields.
I'm not even close to be able to do them with 1/2M power ship. I heard that 50x RB MK100 is not enough to do COMs.
I never tried it myself. I don't even know how to do COM missions and what you need for them.

Upon graduation I received a new ship and ship license.  It now costs me ~150million solars to buy a ship license.  I really had not planned on finishing SEA until ship licenses were costing 10B solars or more - that is, when a new ship license really really hurt to buy.

I got ONLY a ship and NO ship license so I was able to fly the new ship but buying another license later was used for this "free" ship.

and a free ship license to go with it

Not really. You just getting permission to use another license temporary BUT once you are buying a license it'll use the new license for the "free" ship, so you left with the same number of ships.

At the end it took me 2 months if I remember right.
You get noting special at the end.

At the end the problem is always getting money:

Get one 4x slots ship, optimized for low fuel cost + FTL 30 + WMG ~30 + 2x ACB around 10K together.
Then do SOS missions forever:
- Buy 200 diamonds.
- Buy 2000 fual.
- Buy 2000 medicines.
Now click on the "blind jump" of your WMG and do any SOS missions that are either rescue, fuel or medicines (until that you run out of medicines). Ignore anything else.
If you are lucky then you'll return back to Earth with near 10 rescue missions that can give you around 3.5M$.
Then buy the diamonds, fuel and medicines and try again.

Except for the "money making ship" you need 1 or 2 big ships to be always at Earth with no FTL/WMG and only for making RP or building modules.
I'm upgrading all my Science Labs to MK101 but it's slow and cost a lot of money - and money is hard to get.
I'm getting now 151K RP every hour but I really don't need it. I keep spending them on ACB.

The rest of your ships should be mining ships:
- FLT 30 / WMG ~30 / At last 2500 fuel when you leave Earth.
- ACB together 20K+ are the best. I can build ACB MK151 so I'm using 40K+.
- At last 5x modules of each of the 2 specialized modules types. MK5 or better.
- 6x (more is better) of each of the Advanced mining modules types. If you can then MK11 or better. I have even few MK25 modules, but it cost a lot of money and it's too much to get 21 items per hours with a maximum of 100 items. You need to check at last every 4 hours. MK11 is the best = 10.5 per hour - it'll be full every 10 hours.
- I have 3x Living Quarters MK101 on each mining ship but 2x is enough. Cheap to build, less cheap to fill it with people.

Find an empty stars system and fill the planets with your mines.
Fly only between the planets to collect items from the mines.
When you are full, or the star system close to supernova, fly back to Earth and repeat.

That's all. End of game

AP -> QP -> solars is a 20:1 loss.  Now that we have GCA (thanks Pokeboy!) you should be able to sell your QP for almost $1m :-)  
However, you'll need VIP and a one time cash donation of $5 to transfer the QP (if you don't already have those).

Scatter/gather mining costs very little, pays little, and you're very vulnerable.
SOS (see Odlid's new, excellent guide http://forum.astro-galaxy.com/index.php/topic,9989 ) pays very well, and scales nicely as you invest more in it.
PT (Prospector Treasure) mining pays well and scales nicely, but requires either SOS (to find PT's), or a marketplace for PTs.  Investment is high, and diligence required is high as soon as the strength of your mods passes the 6-hr VIP auto-upload threshold (forget to click upload and your mod is soon clogged at 100% until the next auto-upload..)
COMs (especially when many are stacked on a single timer ship) pay even better, but require very high investment.  However, they require very little diligence other than bookkeeping.  Most high level players invest heavily or even exclusively in COMs for the convenience even more than the payout.

How can you convert QP to 1m?!? it only gives you 50K and not 1m

My ship was on one of Sol planets + path set to Earth. It just parked there + ~400 fuel cells.
When I came back to play I found my ship in the "deep space" point in Sol + 1 fuel cell only!
Very annoying bug!

1.  AP is provided by the game. the only limitation is that it will only generate 100 AP and stop growing (200 AP for VIP members). you can, however buy as many more if you desire. so, there is no real 'cap'.

2. while in the tutorial (and for a little while after)you are protected from attacks (unless you attack someone).

3. no, what you can amass during the tutorial is yours to keep and use as you see fit.

4. only for PvP combat (unless you want to attack someone).

5. there is no CAP for RP.

welcome to the game, the most important thing you can do at this time is finish the tutorial.

Thanks for the information!

1. What should I do with Action Points? Should I save them or use them? Do they have max value? Do I lost them over time?
2. In The tutorial can other player attack my mining facilities in Sol?
3. Do I lost everything after the tutorial?
4. Am I limited somehow in the tutorial?
5. Same as RP, do it has a maximum value?

This game taking forever and most of the time you are doing noting but click and wait 10+ minutes and need days to get something, so I'm thinking to leave it for months to get RP/AP and to leave mining facilities (it also getting weeks to get something). So I'll return to the game after a month to connect everything.

Doing the longest tutorial ever made in games like this
I hope not to get boring before the tutorial will end somewhere in a few weeks at last.

I'm only in day 2 and it look like it'll take a few weeks at last.
I'm now in "Step 14: learn how to manage your ship personnel while in space".
It starting to get boring most of the time there's noting to do but just wait hours.